the establishment and early period

In 1816, when Indiana was promoted to the state, the Congress donated four blocks of land owned by the Commonwealth to make it a permanent site for the state government. Two years later, by the Treaty of St. Mary's, signed in 1818, the Delaware renounced the right to land in central Indiana and left the country by 1821. The land 'newly purchased' at that time included the land where a new State Council Hall would be built in 1820.

The land in the central part of the state, which the Commonwealth "purchased", was soon populated by a number of settlers, mainly those of the Northwest European descent. While many early European and American immigrants were Protestants, many early Irish and German immigrants were Catholics. Before 1840, on the other hand, there were very few African-American people living in the center of Indiana. It is said that the first European settlers who had been transferred to this place as permanent settlers were the McCormick or Pogue. It is generally believed that the McCormick family was the first permanent settler, but some historians say that the first settlement of the George Pogue family was on March 2, 1819, in a log cabin beside the brook, which would later be called the Poggs Run. On the other hand, historians who advocate the McCormick theory say that it was the first time that the John Wesley McCormick family and those who were employed by the McCormick family settled in the vicinity of the White River in February 1820.

Ralston's Proposed Indianapolis City Plan

On January 11, 1820, the Indiana State Council approved a committee of 10 members to choose a new state capitol in central Indiana, which would be called a site for the State Council. In addition, the State Council appointed Alexander Ralston, who assisted Pierre Charles Ranfan in creating a city plan for Washington D.C., and Elias Pim FODHAM, as the persons responsible for surveying and planning, and in 1821, the town which became Indianapolis was was established and defined. In Ralston's original plan Indianapolis was called a square mile town. When Marion County was founded on December 31 of the same year, Indianapolis had a county government. On January 1, 1825, the capital was moved from Corydon in the southern part of the state to Indianapolis, and on January 10 of the same year, the first meeting of the state in Indianapolis was was was held. In the same year, a federal court was also established in Indianapolis.

Until 1832, when Indianapolis was officially incorporated into a town, the town and Marion County of Indianapolis took on a form of government. On March 30, 1847, Indianapolis introduced a city system. The first mayor was Samuel Henderson of the Whig Party, and a city council of seven members was established. In 1853, the city charter, which stipulated to have a city assembly of 14 councilors and mayors elected in the election, was approved by a citizen referendum.

Indianapolis was one of the first major roads built by the federal government through the Cumberland Road. In 1847, the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, the first railroad through Indianapolis, was opened. Subsequently, railroads were opened one after another in Indianapolis, and in 1853, the first Union Station in the United States was established as a station to collect the railways.

Civil War

a Southern Army prisoner held in the Morton Prisoner of War camp (1864)

During the Civil War, Indianapolis was on the North Army. Indiana Governor Oliver Morton, an ardent supporter of the then President Abraham Lincoln, set Indianapolis as a center of the Northern Army as soon as the war broke out. On February 11, 1861, Lincoln, heading for the presidential inauguration, passed Indianapolis on his way from Springfield to Washington D.C. It was the first time in the history of the city that a elected president visited Indianapolis. On April 16 of the same year, the first order to form the First Indiana Regiment was issued, and Indianapolis became the headquarters of the state volunteer. In a week, more than 12,000 new volunteer soldiers joined the Northern Army.

During the war, Indianapolis became the hub of the railroad and the center of transportation, and became an important military base. About 4,000 men from Indianapolis have been volunteered to be assigned to 39 regiments, and 700 have been killed in the war. On May 20, 1863, a North Army soldier tried to obstruct the Democratic Convention of the State in Indianapolis, and forced the North Army to close the meeting. This is ironically called the "Battle of Poggs Run." In July of the same year, when Morgan's assault reached southern Indiana, the Southern Army's cavalry went eastward to Ohio, instead of invading Indianapolis. On April 30, 1865, Lincoln's funeral train for Springfield stopped at Indianapolis. More than 100,000 mourners gathered in front of Lincoln's coffins carried to the Indiana State Capitol.

after the Civil War to the early 20th century

Indiana Soldier Sailor Memorial Tower built in 1888-1901

After the Civil War ended, the discovery of the Trenton Gas field, mainly extending from central to eastern Indiana, triggered a boom in Indiana gas, which quickly developed Indianapolis. In his 1899 novel "A Gentleman from Indiana," Booth Turkinton, an Indianapolis-born writer, wrote the following transformation of Indianapolis:

Like hundreds of others throughout the country, this town, too, moved forward with the times, its old stock becoming less and less typical, and newcomers with energy and business acumen taking their places of community leadership. In the offspring of German, Jewish, Irish, Italian, and other settlers 'a new Midlander - in fact, a new American - was beginning dimly to emerge.' To this new spirit of citizenship the magnificent Ambersons, reared in luxury, were unable to adapt themselves. Others, with a heritage of labor, rapidly took high places as the town progressed from village to market town to a manufacturing city.

Like hundreds of towns across the country, the city moves forward as time passes, the old ones are pushed to the corner, and the energetic, business-friendly newcomers are pushed to the leaders of the community. Among the descendants of German, Jewish, Irish, Italian, and other settlers, "The new Midwest — the new Americans, in fact — were getting a little bit bigger." The noble Amberson family, raised in the midst of luxury, was not able to adapt themselves to these new minds of citizens. The rest of the people who had been working for generations, as the town grew from a village to a market town and an industrial city, rapidly increased its status.

Indianapolis Traction Terminal (1907)

Indy 500 First Round

In the 20th century, Indianapolis developed in the automobile industry. The road stretched from Indianapolis to a major hub of regional transport leading to the growing industrial cities of Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, Detroit and St. Louis. In addition, Indianapolis in the early 20th century became the base of the Inter-Urban Development Co., Ltd., along which suburban cities (all present Indianapolis City) such as Broad Ripple, Arbington, University Heights, and Woodrough Place were formed. Indianapolis Traction Terminal, which was the terminal of the interurban, was the largest station of such type in the world as well as the United States at that time. In the center of the city, the Indiana Soldier Sailor Memorial Tower, a symbol of the city, was built and was defiled in 1902. On May 30, 1911, the first Indy 500 tournament was held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and Ray Haroon won the championship.

Indianapolis Street Car Strike (1913)

Indianapolis was one of the hardest hit cities in a massive flood that broke out in 1913 across the eastern, midwestern and southern areas. Between March 23 and 26, the amount of rain reached 150mm^, and flooded to the extent of 15km², killing five people even if they were known, and killing 30 people if they were unknown. The water level of the White River was six meters higher than the flood-risk water level, the dikes were broken and 4,000 people were forced to evacuate to the western part of the city. In the flooded area, traffic and water supply were halted for four days and 7,000 families were lost. On October 31 of the same year, street cars went on strike, which triggered a mass uprising of police and a week of riot. The strike triggered the enactment of the early state Worker Protection Law, including minimum wages, legal working hours and improvements in the labor environment.

Indianapolis is is one of the 'stations' of the Metro Line, and by the time of the great movement of African-American people in the early 20th century, the population of African-American residents was the largest among the former Free States, with the ratio reaching nine percent. In 1921-28, Indiana Klan, the Indiana Division of Koo Klux Klan, led by D. C. Stevenson, was the most politically and socially powerful organization in Indianapolis, which held the City Assembly, the Board of Education, and the County Council. 40% of Indianapolis-born whites called themselves Indiana Klan. The racial problems in Indianapolis followed throughout the 20th century. Indianapolis had abolished segregation in school before the Brown Versus Board of Education trials, but it was controversial later when Samuel Hugh Dillin, a Federal District Court judge, ordered the school bus to abolish the segregation. On April 4, 1968, Robert Kennedy made a speech in Indianapolis on the assassination of Rev. King, keeping the town of Indianapolis calm.

municipal merger

Indianapolis Marion County Government Building

Under the municipal government of Richard Luger, the then mayor, the Indianapolis City government and the Marion County government reorganized and integrated most of the public services into a city-county government called Unigov. While the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has benefited from the dual administration of the city government and the county government, and from the fringe areas where the population growth is remarkable in the suburbs, it has also caused the Republican machine to leap forward until the 2000s. Unigov was put into force on January 1, 1970, which expanded the city area to 798.3km² (308.2 mi²) and increased the population by 268,366.

In the midst of changes and growth in the form of government following the municipal merger, the city government adopted an aggressive strategy to make Indianapolis a sports tourism city. Under the municipal government of William Hadnat, who was appointed mayor after Luger and the longest in the history of the city for 16 years, the construction of sports facilities was promoted at a cost of billions of dollars. Throughout the 1980s, the Indianapolis Tennis Center, Major Taylor Velorom, the indoor pool of Indiana University, Michael A. Carroll, Indiana University, the stadium and the soccer stadium, and the RCA Dome were built one after the other at a total of $122 million. In particular, the existence of the RCA Dome was later decided in 1984 to relocate Indianapolis of Baltimore Colts and to host the Pan American Games in 1987. In 1988, Indianapolis was moved to White River State Park, and in the 1990s, reconstruction of downtown was promoted and the regional economic development strategy was successful. Among them, the Circle Center Mall opened in 1995, and Victory Field opened in 1996 and the Bankers Life Field House opened in 1999.

In the 2000s, city and state authorities have continued to invest heavily in infrastructure, including the $1.1 billion Indiana Police International Airport H. Weir Cook General Terminal and the $720 million Lucas Oil Stadium. In 2011, a project called the DigIndy was launched, with the goal of reducing 97% of merging type sewerage overflowing water (CSO) by 2025, by casting a total of 5.5m in diameter and 45km in an underground tunnel of 75 meters with a total length of $1.9 billion.

terrain

look down to downtown from the tomb of James Whitcomb Riley, the former city's highest point

Indianapolis is located in the central part of Indiana in the U.S. Midwest at 39 degrees 46 minutes 7 seconds north latitude and 86 degrees 9 minutes 29 seconds west longitude. It is located about 180km north from Louisville, about 180km northwest from Cincinnati, about 280km west from Columbus, Ohio, about west from Chicago, about 290km southeast from Chicago, and about 390km northeast from St. Louis.

According to the National Census Bureau, the City of Indianapolis County, excluding the four cities and towns of Beach Grove, Lawrence, Southport and Speedway, which are incorporated separately from Indianapolis, has a total area of 963.5km² (372.0 mi²) in the Marion County. Of them, 945.6km² (365.1^mi2) is land and 17.9km² (6.9mi²) is the water area. The area accounts for 1.86% of the total area.

The terrain of Indianapolis has changed from flat land to slightly undulating land, with the height of almost 210-270m. The Indiana Soldier Sea Guard Memorial Tower, located at the center of the city, stands at 218m. The highest point of the city is at the northwest corner of the city, about 120m south from the border with Boon County, and about 120m east from the border with Hendrix County, and its altitude is 279m. The highest point before the merger of the city and the county was the tomb of the poet James Whitcomb Riley (257m above sea level) in the Crown Hill Cemetery in the northwest 4.5km of downtown. The lowest point of the city is on the border with Johnson County in the southern part of the city, and its altitude is 207m.

According to the World Conservation Fund, Indianapolis is is located within the Southern Great Lakes Forest Ecological Region. Two large rivers flow through the city: the White River and the Fall Creek. Other rivers that run through the city include Poggs Run, Eagle Creek and Pleasant Run. Before settlement began in the 19th century, deciduous forests and grasslands were growing here.

climate

Indianapolis has an inland climate characterized by a sultry summer and a slightly cold winter. The hottest July temperature is about 24°C, the highest average is about 29°C, and the average temperatures over 32°C during the day are about 5 days a month. The coldest January average temperature is 2°C below freezing point and the average minimum temperature is 6°C below freezing point, with temperatures falling below freezing point on the 80% day of the month. The amount of rainfall is mostly from May to July in the summer, which is about 110-130mm per month, whereas it is less from January to February in the winter season, which is about 60-70mm per month. The other months are around 80-95mm per month. Annual rainfall is about 1,080mm. The amount of snow in the month from December to February in winter reaches 17-21cm and the amount of snow in the year reaches 65cm. As for the climate classification of Keppen, Indianapolis is may be classified into temperate wet climates (Cfa) on calculation, but subarctic wet climates (Dfa) widely distributed in the Midwest.

City Overview and Architecture

Indianapolis downtown

Indiana Soldier Tower and Chase Tower

The original city plan of Indianapolis, which was created in 1821, was a square-mile zone called Mile Square, with a rotary called Monument Circle at the center, and East Street, West Street, South Street and North Street at the north, south, east, west, and north Street at the border. The four streets of Indiana Avenue, Massachusetts Avenue, Kentucky Avenue and Virginia Avenue pass diagonally, each extending northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast from the blocks just outside the monument circle. Other major streets in Mile Square were named by the states that were affiliated with the Commonwealth at the time of the establishment of Indianapolis, and the Michigan Territory, which was adjacent to the north of Indiana, except for Meridian Street, which extends north and south from the Monument Circle, Market Street, which extends east and west, and Washington Street (which is said to have originated from George Washington or Washington D.C.), which runs one block south of Indiana. In 1895, Tennessee Street was renamed Capitol Avenue and Mississippi Street was renamed Sento Avenue. There are also several streets running east-west, with numbers on the north of North Street, in 1895, which were enacted by an ordinance: 10th Street for the former 1st Street, 11th Street for the former 2nd Street, and 12th Street for the former 3rd Street... The old Platt Street, which ran between North Street and the old 1st Street, was renamed to 9th Street, so that the numbers started from 9th Street and became larger the north. Today, the border between the east (E) and the west (W) of the east-west street is Meridian Street, and the border between the south (S) and the north (N) of the north-south street is Washington Street.

Within the circle of the monument circle stands the Indiana Soldier Seaman Memorial Tower, the symbol of Indianapolis. The monument, which was built between 1888 and 1901 and closed in 1902, was 86.7m tall, and was the tallest building in Indianapolis until the government building of Indianapolis City and Marion County, 28 stories, was completed in 1962, partly because it was forbidden by the regulations after that to build a building that was a height above the monument. The Indiana Soldier Seaman Memorial was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The tallest building in Indianapolis today is the 49-story Chase Tower, a 247m-tall completed in 1990.

Indiana State Capitol

Indianapolis takes the form of an integrated municipal government called Unigov. Under this form of government, many organizations of the city government and the county government are integrated, but some of them exist separately. The Marion County government building in Indianapolis, where the city government is based, is located two blocks east of the monument circle.

Indianapolis has a mayoral system. The mayor is the chief executive officer of the Indianapolis and Marion counties, and is responsible for the execution in accordance with the city's ordinances and state laws. The mayor has the power and responsibility to appoint the heads of the city, county, government departments, and one or more vice mayors.

The City Assembly, a legislative body of the city and county, consists of 25 members. Each city and county member is selected from a single-seat constituency that divides the whole county into 25. The term of office of a municipal councilor is four years.

Marion County District Court is divided into three types: Superior Court, Circuit Court, and Small Claims Court. The High Court has 36 judges, and is divided into four sections, civil, criminal, juvenile and will, all of which are handled. When the Circuit Court was established under the State Law in 1816, it handled all civil affairs, criminal cases, boys, wills, and small claims, but now it only deals with civil affairs. The Small Claims Court deals with only cases where the claims for damages are less than $6,000, one in nine counties in Marion County.

North Indiana Government Center

Indianapolis, the capital of Indiana, also has state agencies. The Indiana State Capitol, located two blocks west of the monument circle, houses a legislative chamber for both houses of the Indiana State Assembly, the office of the state governor's office and the executive branch, the State Supreme Court as the judiciary and the State Appeals Court. However, many state agencies are not in the State Capitol, but in the north wing of the Indiana Government Center, which separates Sento Avenue. The Indiana Governor's office is located in a residential area about eight kilometers north of downtown. North of the monument circle lies the Federal Court of Birch Bay, which houses the District Court of South Indiana.

Tea party demonstration (2007). Indianapolis had a strong conservative spirit for many years.

In the House of Representatives election, most of the Indianapolis district is included in the Seventh Indiana constituency, while the northern part of the city is included in the Fifth Indiana constituency, which is the same as the northern part of the city of Carmel and others. The Indianapolis Metropolitan Area is divided into two constituencies, each of which is in the fourth district, each of which is in the east suburb is in the sixth district and each of which is in the ninth district. The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) prevails in the seventh constituency, while the Republican Party prevails in the fourth, fifth, sixth and ninth constituencies.

Until the late 1990s, the Indianapolis metropolitan area was one of the most conservative urban areas in the United States, but it has come to a head-on since the 2000s. The move to Unigov is also thought to be one factor contributing to the absorption of Republican and non-metropolitan districts. Since the Municipal Assembly was established in 1970, the Republican Party has dominated the House of Representatives for 36 years and the Mayor has been a Republican for 32 years between 1967 and 1999. Since then, Republicans have dominated the southern and western parts of the city while Democrats have dominated the central and northern parts of the city. As of 2014, Indianapolis is is considered a middle way. The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) won a majority in the Municipal Assembly election in 2015 by a narrow margin of 13-12, and Joe Hogset, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), who won the election with 63% votes, became the mayor on January 1, 2016. The Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) took the initiative in both Indianapolis legislation and administration, just the second time since the city merger.

Police Patrol Car of Indianapolis Metropolitan Police

The Indianapolis Fire Department, established in 1859, has jurisdiction over 720km^2, which accounts for about 70% of Marion County, and has 44 fire stations in its area, with about 1,200 fire fighters. The bureau received more than 95,000 reports a year.

For a while after the municipal merger, Indianapolis City and Marion County had separate police organizations, the Indianapolis Municipal Police Bureau and the Marion District Security Bureau, respectively, but on January 1, 2007 they were integrated and the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department was established. The bureau had jurisdiction over the Marion County, which includes Beach Grove, Lawrence and Speedway, the Indianapolis Airport Authority, and the areas excluding the IUPUI Campus Police, and divided the Marion County into six areas: North, East, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest, and Southwest. The Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department has about 1,700 police officers and about 250 civilian workers.

Indianapolis security is much better than Gary in the same Indiana state, but not good in the United States. In the 2015 CQ Press and Morgan Quitnot's "Dangerous Cities in the United States" rankings (using FBI data from 2013), Indianapolis is was among Worst 25, the 24th most dangerous city in the United States. In 2014, the number of Indianapolis killings was 138 (16.0 per 100,000 people), and about 60% of the victims were young African men. Meanwhile, Fisher's area in the northeast of the Indianapolis metropolitan area has been reported to be the safest city in the United States for five consecutive years until 2011-15, and in the 2015 edition, Carmel ranked second after Fisher's, making the country's suburbs of public safety good.

The industries that generate the most jobs in Indianapolis are are manufacturing, health care and social services, and retail. However, compared to the entire state of Indiana, the dependency on the manufacturing sector was very low and about eight points lower. Conversely, the proportion of management, support and waste management, transportation and distribution, finance and insurance, wholesale trade, and professional, science and technology services account for more than the whole state.

In Indianapolis, three companies are headquartered in Fortune 500.

Eli Lily Headquarters

Like many cities in the Midwest, the outflow of manufacturing from the late 20th century and beyond has had a significant impact on the regional economy of Indianapolis. Indianapolis was once the hub of the Detroit-equivalent auto industry, with more than 60 car manufacturers. Rolls-Royce, for example, has been headquartered in Indianapolis in North America since 1915. Rolls-Royce is one of the city's largest manufacturers today and employs about 4,300 people to develop and produce aviation engines. However, from 1990 to 2012, the number of General Motors, Ford and Chrysler plants in Indianapolis all closed, and the number of manufacturing jobs decreased by about 26,900. In 2016, Kyalia closed a plant in Indianapolis and moved to Mexico, where about 1,400 jobs were lost.

Bioengineering, bioscience and health care are replacing the declining manufacturing industry and supporting the regional economy of Indianapolis. According to a 2014 report by Bartell Memorial Institute and the Organization of Biotechnology Industries, the Indianapolis-Carmel Anderson Metropolitan Area is the only urban area across the United States where all five areas of agricultural raw materials and chemicals, life sciences related distribution, medicine, medical equipment, and research, testing, and medical research produce jobs from the life sciences. The St. Vincent Health, Indiana University Health and Community Health Network are among the best employers in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, and together with Franciscan Francis Health, the healthcare industry in the Indianapolis metropolitan area employs 43,700 people in the four companies alone.

JW Marriott Indianapolis, the largest number of rooms in a hotel directly connected to the Indiana Convention Center

Indianapolis is is the center of transportation and distribution, as the interest of the four interstate highways crosses the land. With the FedEx's second hub in the U.S. at Indianapolis International Airport, 1,500 distributors are concentrated in Indianapolis and the surrounding area, creating more than 100,000 jobs. The amount of air cargo handled in the area exceeds one billion a year, the area ranks eighth in the U.S. and 22nd in the world.

Tourism is also increasing its importance in the regional economy of Indianapolis. According to a Lockport Analytics survey in 2015, Indianapolis visited 27.4 million people in the year 2015, with the ripple effect of the economy reaching $4.5 billion. Indianapolis was a mecca for sports tourism, including Indy 500, and, in addition, the convention has become an important factor in bringing visitors to the city. Twelve hotels are directly connected to the Indiana Convention Center via Skywalk, and the number of rooms is 4,700 in total. The USA Today newspaper reported in 2014 that Indianapolis was the best city for convention across the United States, based on the results of a public referendum.

The IT industry is also growing in Indianapolis. Indiana University, which has an informatics department, Purdue University, which is an engineering-strong university, and Rose Halman Institute of Technology, all of which produce engineers and support the IT industry in the region. There are more than 2,000 IT companies in the area, with more than 29,000 people working in the IT industry within an hour of drive from Indianapolis.

Indiana University Hospital

The Indianapolis Ambulance Corps was founded in 2010 by integrating and reorganizing the Emergency Department of Indianapolis Fire Department's Emergency Department and the Richard Hospital Emergency Unit. The team, part of the Public Safety Agency, functions under a partnership with the City Government, Indiana University Medical Department and Marion County Hospital Corporation. The team received a report in a year and went out about 100,000 times a year.

The Indiana University Health Academic Health Center, attached to the Medical Department of Indiana University, consists of Indiana University Hospital and Riley Children's Hospital located on IUPUI's campus, as well as the Methodist Hospital located north of downtown and connected with IUPUI's campus at Indiana University's Health People Mover. The U.S. News & World Report's Hospital Rankings, which ranked 10 adults and 10 children in the U.S., ranked 50th in the U.S., are particularly strong in the digestive system (17th and 16th children adults), respiratory system (14th adults/13th children), and urology (17th adults/4th children children). The Riley Children's Hospital is the only pediatric level I trauma center in Indiana.

West of Riley's Children's Hospital is Sydney and Luis Eskenazi Hospital, the Indianapolis public health center and designated as the adult I trauma center. To the west is the Richard L. Ruebush Veterans Medical Center, a leading veteran hospital in central Indiana.

St. Vincent Health runs 20 hospitals across the wide area of the state, including Evansville and Coco, as well as St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital in the northern part of the city. Indianapolis Colz's former QB Payton Manning had a relationship with St. Vincent Health since 1998 when he joined the Colts, and in 2007, St. Vincent Health praised it and renamed the children's hospital Peyton Manning Children's Hospital. According to hospital sources, the amount of manning donations amounted to about $50 million at that time.

The Community Health Network has four health centers in Marion County and also in Coco and Anderson. In addition, Francis St. Francis Health has set up a core medical center in the southern part of the city.

Indianapolis International Airport

The commercial airport, which serves as the gateway to Indianapolis, is located about 14km southwest of the downtown area and just outside the circular I-465. Indianapolis International Airport, located on the IATA: IND). The airport has a number of flights from each of the major airlines that operate direct flights from their hub airports, providing an average of 135 direct daily flights in 38 cities. In addition, as mentioned earlier, the airport also has a second hub, the FedEx.

Indianapolis interstate, national and state highways. Down-down north, east, and south are surrounded by I-65 and I-70 in U-shaped letters.

Indianapolis has four interstate highways: I-65, I-69, I-70 and I-74. I-65, one of the north-south arterial railroad, runs north and east of downtown (shared by I-70), runs north through Lafayette to the north, merges with I-90 at the last galley, and runs south through Columbus toward Louisville and Nashville. I-465, a branch of the I-65, is a circular road in Indianapolis. Another branch line, I-865, is a short-circuit connecting the north side of the I-465 and the I-65 Main Line. I-69 runs northeast from I-465 toward Fort Wayne. In the future, trains are scheduled to run from I-465 to the southwest and from Evansville. The I-70, a trunk line crossing the continent, runs east of downtown (a common part with I-65) and south, heading east for Dayton, Columbus, Ohio, and west for St. Louis. I-74 runs from I-465 to southeast through Cincinnati and northwest through Champagne/Arbana to Davenport. In addition, National Route 31 and National Route 431 (Keystone Parkway), which is north of I-465, are highways that lead to Carmel.

Indianapolis Union station

Indianapolis Union Station is located 4 blocks south of the monument circle. This is the oldest Union station in the United States established in 1853 and was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1974. At the station, the Cardinal, the long-distance train of Amtruck, which connects Chicago and New York via Cincinnati, makes a stop for West and trains for East each stop at three trains a week. On the day when the Cardinal doesn't work, the Fuger State, the middle-distance train from Indianapolis, runs. The station serves as a Greyhound bus terminal, and it's equipped with buses bound for Chicago, St. Louis, Columbus, Ohio, Cincinnati and Louisville, as well as buses bound for Barons Bus and Hojer Ride.

As for public transportation in Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Public Transport Corporation operates a bus network called IndyGo. This bus network has Route 31 and covers the District of Indianapolis Marion. The Indy Connect BRT's plan is also backed by the Federal Transport Department. However, like many other cities across the United States, private cars are the major means of transportation in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, and more than 90% of workers use private cars for commuting to work, while only one percent use of public transportation.

Indiana University - Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Indiana University - Padu University, Indianapolis Campus (IUPUI) is located west of the downtown and on the banks of the White River. The university was an urban state research university that merged the Indiana University and the University of Purdue's separate Indianapolis University in 1969. The school has 17 departments, and has about 22,000 undergraduate and about 8,000 graduate students. The campus of the university also has the headquarters of the Medical Department and Dental Department of Indiana University. In addition, one of the two law schools at Indiana University, Robert H. McKinney, a local banker and lawyer, donated millions of dollars by Robert H. McKinney in 2011, and named after the contribution, Robert H. McKinney Graduate School of Law is also in the school. IUPUI is ranked among the top 200 universities in the U.S. News & World Report.

Butler University

Butler University has a 295-acre (1,200,000m²) campus in a residential area, about eight kilometers north of downtown. It is a private university that originated from Liberal Arts College, which was founded in 1855, the night before the Civil War, in the philosophy of Orbid BUTLER, a local lawyer and activist for the abolition of slavery, founded on the idea that everyone should be educated regardless of race or gender. Although it is a medium-sized university with six faculties and approximately 4,000 students, it is based on liberal arts education, a tradition that has been handed down since its establishment, and it provides a low-level education with a ratio of students to professors of 12:1. Bulldogs, a sports team from the same school, belongs to the Big East Conference (FCS for football only and the Pioneer Football League for the former I-AA) of NCAA Division I, and compete in eight men's and ten women's events. The men's basketball team has become a regular NCAA Tournament since the late 1990s, and it won the U.S. Semi-Grand Prix (US) although it entered Final 4 held at the local Indianapolis tournament for the first time in 2010 and lost the Blue Devils of Duke University 59-61 in the final. On the day after the final, Barack Obama congratulated his players and coaches. The Butler University, along with the University of Valparezo, Evansville University and neighboring Xavier University and Bradley University in the US News & World Report's ranking of universities, is always ranked among the top 10 among the "rural universities" in the Midwest.

Central Library of Indianapolis

In addition, Indianapolis has a campus of Marian University, a Catholic liberal arts college, Indianapolis University, a medium-sized, private university of Methodist, and Martin University, an African-style university founded by the priests of the Catholic Benedicts to give low-income students access to higher education.

Indianapolis, in addition to the Indianapolis Public School District, which covers the pre-merger Indianapolis City, which existed before the municipal merger, has eight school districts in each district in Marion County and nine school districts in total, each of which runs a public school that supports the K-12 program. The largest school district in Indianapolis has about 30,000 children and students, including elementary, junior high and high schools.

The Indianapolis Public Library consists of a central library located downtown, 23 branch offices covering Marion County, a mobile library and a library service center. The total number of visitors to the museum is 4.2 million a year, and the total number of visitors is 15.9 million a year.

museum

Indianapolis Museum of Children's Art

The Indianapolis Children's Museum is located about five kilometers north of downtown, and in the northwest corner of Meridian Street and 30th Street. The museum, opened in 1925, is the world's largest children's museum with a floor area of 472,900 square feet (44,000m²) on the site of 29 acres (117,000m²) and a total of 11 permanent and special exhibits. The museum's collections are roughly divided into three categories: natural science, American culture, and world culture, and there are 120,000 items. The Parental Museum is one of the best children's museums in the United States, according to the Parental Controls magazine.

Benjamin Harrison Site

Indianapolis is is associated with the 23rd President, Benjamin Harrison. Harrison's private residence is preserved right north of the downtown. The Italian Net-style house, which was completed in 1875, was registered as a National Historic Building in 1964 and as a National Register of Historic Monuments in 1966. Today, this house is open to the public as a museum, and stores and exhibits things related to the Harrison family, such as water painting and painting of pottery and painting by Caroline, who was Harrison's first wife and a first lady in office, and things related to the Women's Suffrage Movement that Harrison and his children were alive. The garden on the site is also open to the public as a botanical garden.

Indiana State Museum

Two blocks west of the Indiana State Capitol and south-east of the IUPUI campus, the White River State Park, is home to the Indiana State Museum. The museum has permanent exhibits on art, science and culture in Indiana. The museum also stores and exhibits things related to Abraham Lincoln in collaboration with the Allen County Public Library in Fort Wayne.

The lower story of the Indiana Soldier Memorial Tower, the symbol of Indianapolis, is the Museum of American Civil War, Colonel Eli Lily. The Indiana War Memorial Museum is located in Indiana War Memorial Square, north of the three blocks.

Art museums and visual arts

"LOVE" at the Indianapolis Museum

The Indianapolis Museum of Art is located on the northwest corner of Michigan Road and 38th Street, which is about 8 km northwest of downtown and is close to the campus of Butler University and Marianne University. The museum originated from an exhibition held in 1883 at the English Hotel, which was located downtown by May Light Swell, a women's suffrage activist, and was relocated to its current location in 1970. The museum houses 54,000 works of art from Africa, Asia, the United States and Europe over 5,000 years, and its categories range from paintings, sculptures, crafts, photographs, designs and modern art. On the site of the museum is a sculpture of "LOVE," a representative work of modern artist Robert Indiana from Indiana. The carvings made of corten steel with a height and width of 3.6m and a thickness of 1.8m were made in 1970 and were the first carvings made of "LOVE" with many replicas around the world.

Hotel George American Indian West Art Museum

Located in the White River State Park and to the east of the Indiana State Museum, the Itelgeorg American Indian and Western Art Museum, is the only museum in the Midwest, as its name suggests, specialized in Native American and Western art works. The museum's collections are divided into three categories: Native American Art, Western Art, and Modern Art. The museum has a large collection of sculptures, jewelry, and textiles of Native American and Canadian Aborigines, and a permanent gallery of exhibits, called Mihthseenonki (meaning the 'place of people'), which is designed to deepen the understanding of the Native American tribes that lived in Indiana, such as the Miami, the Potawatomi, and the Delaware tribes. For the Western art, works by artists inspired by their works are stored and displayed in the West, including Georgia and O'Keeffe. Regarding contemporary art, the museum focuses on contemporary art works by Native American, such as traditional paintings, beading and beaver fur work.

Indianapolis Art Center, located in the Broad Ripple Village area of about 13km north of downtown, offers a wide range of art classes, including paintings, sculptures, pottery and textiles. The Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art exhibits its collections at the Murphy Art Center in the southeast of downtown Fountain Square, and at the hotel Alexander in the City Way in downtown. On the campus of IUPUI, sculptures owned by the Faculty of Art, mainly by students and graduates of the Faculty of Arts of Kyoto University, are displayed everywhere.

acting art

Hilbert Circle Theater

The Monument Circle has been home to the Hilbert Circle Theater, which has 1,660 seats, based in the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra since 1984. The Neoclassical architecture-style theater was built in 1916 and has since been used for the airing of movies and for performing music. In 1928, "Jazz Singer", the first talkie movie in the history of the city, was broadcast at the theater. In the 1940s, jazz Big Band, including Glen Miller Orchestra, performed on the stage at the theater. The Circle Theater was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1980. In 1996, a local business man, Steven Hilbert, contributed a large amount to the club theater and the theater was named Hilbert.

In 1927, with the success of the Circle Theater, the Indiana Theater was built across the northeastern corner of Washington Street and Capitol Avenue, and across the Indiana State Capitol, as a larger theater. When it was completed, the Indiana Theater had 3,200 seats, and also had facilities such as a ball room, lunch counter and barber shop. Since 1980, the Indiana Theater has become a repertoire theater called the Indiana Repertory Theater. The Indiana Theater was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Madame Walker Theater

Just like the Indiana Theater, in 1927, the Madame Walker Theater was built in the northwest corner of Indiana Avenue and West Street, the center of the area where African residents were living in those days. This building was originally built by Madame Walker, an African-American female entrepreneur, and was the head office and factory of a hair care products manufacturing and selling company succeeded by his daughter Aleria, and also functioned as a cultural center for the local African-American people by providing a bathroom, theater and beauty parlor. Ella Fitzgerald and Nat King Call also performed at the theater. The Madame Walker Theater was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and a National Historic Place in 1991.

4 blocks northeast of the monument circle, Massachusetts Street, Michigan Street, and New Jersey Street, at the northwest corner of the six-forked road, the Old National Center. This building, also called Mula Schlein, was built in 1909. The hall has a theater with 2,600 seats, a concert hall with 1,800 seats and a banquet hall, and a multi-function room with 600 seats, and is a multipurpose event place that can accommodate various events. Three hundred events are held annually at the Old National Center.

The Indianapolis Arts Garden, built over the intersection of Washington Street and Illinois Street, also features performances of more than 300 acting arts a year and monthly visual works of art.

Indianapolis is is a national organization of high school marching bands and is also home to Vans of America, a division of Music for All, and Drumco International. Indianapolis is is also the site where the Indianapolis International Violin Competition, which started in 1982, is held once every four years.

literature

James Whitcomb Riley's House

booth turkinton with the cover of Time magazine (December 11, 1925)

During the period of 1880-1920, Indianapolis produced poets James Whitcomb Riley, Booth Turkinton who twice won the Pulitzer Prize, and bestselling writer Meredith Nicholson, who were called the golden age of Indianapolis literature. In a survey conducted in 1947, in the last 40 years, authors from Indiana ranked second in the U.S. after those from New York. Arthur W. Shoemaker, in his book A History of Indiana Literature (History of Indiana Literature), wrote the following about the impact of this period:

It was the age of famous men and their famous books. In it Indiana, and particularly Indianapolis, became a literary center which in many ways rivaled the East.

This period was the period of famous people and their famous books. In this respect Indiana, especially Indianapolis, had become the literary center, in many ways equal to the East.

The house of James Whitcomb Riley is preserved along Rockaby Street, northeast of downtown, and is open to the public as a museum. The house of James Whitcomb Riley was registered as a National Historic Building in 1962 and as a National Register of Historic Properties in 1966.

And the most famous Indianapolis author who appeared in and after the middle of the 20th century is probably Kurt Vonnegut, who was known for his works such as "The Fairy of Titan" (1959), "The Cat's Cradle" (1963) and "The Slaughter House 5" (1969). Vonnegut created in many works more than one person from Indianapolis. When he returned home in 1986, Vonnegut talked about the effects of Indianapolis on his work:

All my jokes are Indianapolis. All my attitudes are Indianapolis. My adenoids are Indianapolis. If I ever severed myself from Indianapolis, I would be out of business. What people like about me is Indianapolis.

All my jokes are in Indianapolis. All my attitudes are in Indianapolis. My adenoid is also in Indianapolis. If I took Indianapolis from me, nothing remains. The reason people love me is also in Indianapolis.

In 2010, after Vonnegut's death, the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library opened in a historic building, Emily, which is also registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1983, located at the southwest corner of the six forks of the monument circle, Indiana Avenue, Senato Avenue and Vermont Street.

In the early 21st century, John Green, a young adult novelist born in Indianapolis, appeared. Green's 2012 success story, "For the Two Who Wait for Goodbye", set in Indianapolis. The 2008 film "Papertown" was made into a movie in 2015 starring Jake Schrier, Nat Wolf and Carla Delvignes. On July 14 of the same year, Greg Ballad, the mayor of Indianapolis, promoted the film with the cast in Indianapolis, and named the day "John Green Day".

sport

Indianapolis has two teams, the NFL and the NBA, out of the four major North American professional sports leagues of the MLB, NFL, NBA and NHL.

Lucas Oil Stadium

Indianapolis Colz, a football team, has moved from Baltimore to 1984. From the relocation to the 1990s, it was not unusual to finish with 3-4 wins (12-13 losses), and in 1991, it was a small team with 1 win 15 losses and a good result of 9 wins 7 losses, but in 1998, it was a small team with 13 wins, 3 losses and 13 losses to win the district in 1999, and in 2000, it became a strong team with a play-off every year except for 201, and the Super Bowl was established in the Super Bowl for the 2006-7 First Bowl. Corz is based in Lucas Oil Stadium, which was completed in 2008.

Bankers Life Field House

Indiana Péthers, a basketball team, was founded in 1967 as a team of the American Baseball Association (ABA), but joined the National Basketball Association in 1976 when the ABA was dissolved. In the ABA League's history of only nine years, he was a strong player who played for the ABA Final five times and won three times. After joining the NBA, it remained low until the 1980s, but in the 1990s, it became a regular playoff team with its Reggie Miller, and in 2000, it entered the NBA Final. However, the team was defeated by the Los Angeles Lakers at that time and has not won the NBA championship yet. Pacers is based in Bankers Life Field House. The arena is also home to the Passers and sister team, Indiana Fever. In 2012, we won the WNBA Final.

In addition, Indianapolis also home to several teams from the Lower League. The Indianapolis Indians of baseball are a team of AAA-class minor leagues under the Pittsburgh Pirates. Founded in 1902, the team has a long history behind the Rochester Red Wings as a minor league team. The soccer team, Indy Eleven, is a team of the USL Championship, two of the American football leagues. The Indy Fuel in Ice Hockey is a team of NHL's Chicago Black Box and ECHL, a team of AHL's Lockford Ice Hogs.

NCAA Headquarters

Indianapolis is is also home to the National University Athletic Association (NCAA). The NCAA headquarters is located to the south of the IUPUI campus. On the grounds of the White River National Park, east of the NCAA headquarters, stands the NCAA winner's Hall of Fame, which displays items related to all 24 sports under the jurisdiction of the NCAA, and items donated by member universities across the United States, as well as videos of the famous scenes. In Indianapolis, the headquarters are three conferences; the Horizon League belonging to NCAA Division I, the Great Lakes Valley Conference belonging to Division II, and the Hartland College Eight Athletic Conference belonging to Division III. In addition, the Big Ten Conference takes turns at a men's and women's basketball conference tournament in Chicago, and every year, in Indianapolis, it holds the final of the conference, after the division was introduced in football in 2011.

Indianapolis Motor Speedway

However, the sports event representing Indianapolis is is Indy 500. The Indy 500 is a traditional race that started in 1911 and is counted as one of the world's three major races, and was held for the 100th time in 2016. The race will be held on Sunday, the day before the memorial day for the war dead soldiers at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in the Speedway in the west suburb of Marion County. In the race, the two-and-a-half-mile (4.0235 km) overtrack is run 200-round and 500-mile (804.7 km) at speeds up to 350km/h. The race attracts spectators from all over the world and the tickets are sold out a year ago.

Indie 500th Final Day Parade

In addition to Indianapolis 500, the Imperial Japanese Olympic Games of Indianapolis of the same Indianapolis series as the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series Briyard 400 from 1994 and the Sprint Cup Series Grand Prix of Indianapolis from 2014 (however, this is done in a course combining a part of the All Tracks and a road course) are held. The U.S. Grand Prix of F1 was held between 2000 and 2007, and the Red Bull Indianapolis Grand Prix of MotoGP was held between 2008 and 2005 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, respectively.

The Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum is located inside the Oval Truck. The museum houses Borgwarner Trophy, a replica of which the faces of successive champions are highlighted. On Saturday, the day before the Indie 500 final, a massive parade, starting in 1957, will be held downtown.

In April 1964, William Afil established the professional wrestling association (Indianapolis), a professional wrestling association, and worked until 1989.

Parks and recreation

snow-covered military park

The Military Park, which stretches east of IUPUI's campus to the northeast of White River State Park, is the first city park built in 1852. For several years the park was used as a venue for the Indiana State Fair, but when the Civil War broke out, it was used as a Camp Morton, a camp for soldiers and a camp for prisoners of war. Military Park was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1969.

In the early 20th century, city planner George Kessler created a framework for a modern park system in Indianapolis. The Indianapolis Park and Boulevard Plan, founded by Kesler in 1909, was a network of famous parks, such as Brookside Park, Enberger Park and Garfield Park, that linked them by roadside parks. In 2003, the entire system of 3,474 acres (1,406ha) was registered as a National Register of Historic Places.

Indiana World War Memorial Square straddles five blocks downtown

The Indiana World War Memorial Square, which was completed in 1924, is the best example of a vestige of the urban beauty movement. The square, 3-7 blocks north of the monument circle, is home to the headquarters of the American National Association of Veterans Affairs and the Indiana War Memorial Museum, where Depu Memorial Fountain is located. The Indiana World War Memorial Square was registered as a National Register of Historic Places in 1989 and as a National Historic Building in 1994.

A dolphin aquarium in Indiana Zoo. Below is the ceiling of the dolphin viewing dome.

The White River State Park stretches on both sides of the White River, which flows west of the downtown. South of IUPUI's campus, on the east bank of White River State Park, there are other facilities including the above-mentioned Military Park, as well as the Indiana State Museum, the Itelgeorg American Indian and Western Art Museum, the NCAA Winner's Hall of Fame and Victory Field. On the other hand, the West Bank is the site of Indiana Zoo. The animals in the park are bred and exhibited separately by the environment such as the plain, forest and desert. The park also has an aquarium, with a special feature of the Dolphin Pavilion, which is the first house in the U.S. to have a dome that allows visitors to see dolphins swimming from below. On the eastern side of the park, there is a botanical garden called the White River Gardens, which is made of Hilbert Greenhouse and the outdoor Dihan Tea Garten.

In addition to these, there are more than 200 parks in Ichi-gun, and the total area is 11,464 acres (4,639ha), which roughly corresponds to the total area of Toshima Ward, Shinjuku Ward and Shibuya Ward in Tokyo. Among them, the Eagle Creek Park, which stretches around 20km northwest of downtown and Zooko (artificial lake), which has blocked the Eagle River, has the largest area, with 4,766 acres (1,929ha), representing about 40% of the total park area of the city. However, because the total area of Ichi-gun is large, the park only accounts for 5% of the total area, and the percentage of residents within walking distance from the park accounts for only 30% of the total population, and in addition, the Park Score, which indicates the capacity of the park, is ranked 95 out of the 100 largest cities in the United States.

Media

Indianapolis Star Former Head Office Building (2006)

Indianapolis has only one daily newspaper, Indianapolis Star. The newspaper began in 1903, bought Indianapolis News, a rival in 1948, and came under the umbrella of Gannett in 2000. The newspaper was a serialized in 1975 that reported corruption in the Indianapolis City Police Department and in 1991 it received the Pulitzer Prize for its own reporting on a medical accident in the state.

Indianapolis also published in 1895, with the weekly Indianapolis Recorder, which was first published and is mainly subscribed to African side, and the Indianapolis Business Journal, which is a local economic newspaper.

Indianapolis is is also home to Emis Communications, a media conglomerate. Founded in 1979 at a small radio station in the southeastern suburb of Shelby, it now operates in local Indianapolis, radio in Telekot, New York, Los Angeles, St. Louis, and Austin, and also in Atlanta, Cincinnati, Los Angeles, Orange County, California, and Austin.

Tom and Bob Show, a popular radio program that is sold for radio stations in 112 cities across the United States, started in Indianapolis in 1983 and is still produced in Indianapolis.

religion

Christ Church Cathedral

Indianapolis is is also a regional religious base. The Catholic Church has the Dianapolis Archy, and the Cathedral of St. Peter Paul, the Cathedral of the Bishop, is located north of the downtown area at the southeast corner of Meridian Street and 14th Street. The Dianapolis Archbishop was established in 1834 to upgrade the Bishop Vinces to the Archbishop in 1944. It oversees the central and southern parts of Indiana (except the southwest) and also controls the Bishops of Fort Wayne, Evansville, Lafayette in Indiana and Gary. The Diocese also set up Simon Brethe Theological Seminary in Indianapolis. However, the percentage of Catholics in the total population of Indianapolis remained at 11.31% as of June 2014, far below the U.S. National Average (19.43%).

The Episcopal Church has a Bishop of Indianapolis, who governs the central and southern states (including the southwestern). The Cathedral of Christ Church, a bishop of the Diocese located in the Monument Circle, is the oldest cathedral of the city built in 1857 and was registered as the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Catherine Kate Maypuls Weinick, the 10th bishop who arrived in 1997, is one of the few female bishops in the Anglican Church, as well as in the United States.

The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the United States has a meeting of the Indiana Kentucky Church and the United Methodist Church has a meeting of Indiana in Indianapolis, respectively.

urban area

The urban area of Indianapolis extends over 11 counties, centered in the central part of the state and Marion County, and has an area of 11,153km²(4,306mi²). The metropolitan area consists of 18 counties, including the neighboring Mancy and Columbus urban areas and five small urban areas.

The figure on the right shows the location of the Indianapolis Carmel Mancy metropolitan area in Indiana. Urban areas and urban areas included in this metropolitan area are shown in the following colors.

  Marion County (mostly Indianapolis City)

  Counties of Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson

  Mancy Metropolitan Area

  Columbus metropolitan area

  Newcastle metropolitan area

  Seymour metropolitan area

  Croforsville metro

  North Vernon metro

  Greensburg Metropolitan Area

In addition, the population of each of the counties that form the metropolitan area of Indianapolis and the metropolitan area is as follows (National Census of 2010).

Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson metropolitan area

Indianapolis Carmel Mancy metropolitan area

urban population transition

Below is a graph and chart showing the population transition from 1840 to 2010 in Indianapolis City.

Indianapolis has a sister-city relationship with the following eight cities.

• Taipei City (Republic of China) - affiliated with Taipei in 1978
• Cologne (Germany) - Established an alliance in 1988
• Monza (Italy) - Established an alliance in 1994
• Pyran (Slovenia) - Affiliated with 2001
• Hangzhou City (Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China) - affiliated with China in 2008
• Campinas (Brazil) - Affiliated with 2009
• Northamptonshire (England, UK) - United in 2009, with the whole county affiliated with Indianapolis as a sister city
• Hyderabad (India) - Affiliated with 2010

• City of Indianapolis and Marion County - State Official Site
• Indy Chamber
• Visit Indy
• Indianapolis, Indiana - City-Data.com

Coordinates: 39 degrees 46 minutes 07 seconds north latitude 86 degrees 09 minutes 29 seconds west longitude / 39.768611 degrees north latitude 86.158056 degrees west longitude / 39.768611; -86.158056